Posts Tagged ‘The How’

Teaching with Humour

Tuesday, August 2nd, 2011

On most pre-service teacher education courses, the general opinion is that when you first start learning how to teach ESL, avoid humour.

haveyoulaughedtodayThis advice is no doubt born of seeing new teachers tell bad jokes, generate embarrassed silences and then puzzle or offend students.
However, to say ‘avoid humour’ is simply too broad and can result in teachers feeling like they should be stern, stiff and ‘professional’ – which can create an equally ineffective learning atmosphere.

So, why should we bring lots of humour into the class?

Because it:

  • increases motivation and self-confidence
  • creates a positive learning atmosphere
  • relieves tension and anxiety
  • lowers affective barriers
  • encourages a more open attitude to taking risks
  • helps to foster the student-teacher relationship

…and also, studies show that teachers who use humour are seen as more interesting and authentic.

How do we generate it?

  • Tell personal stories
  • Be spontaneous
  • React with lightheartedness to what is happening at the moment
  • Use humourous texts, pictures, puzzles and jokes
  • Encourage students to tell their own stories and share experiences

Also, it’s good to remember that humour and laughter doesn’t mean you are losing control of the class.

By laughing at ourselves and highlighting the ridiculousness of life you ultimately show your humanness – and that’s what your students will respond to most.

3-minute PD
Ten Techniques for Developing Humour in the Classroom

Posted by Tania

Teaching with Dictations

Tuesday, July 26th, 2011

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As huge fans of dictation exercises (including dictoglosses), we find it distressing that dictation is often overlooked as a useful classroom activity.

Many teachers see dictation as a throw-back to teacher-centred, uncommunicative activities and believe students will think dictations are boring, stressful and pointless.

If the dictation is handled with old-school techniques, we can see why people would think this.

So, we encourage you to drag this teaching gem out of the dusty closet. Just rethink the who, the what and the how.

In other words, don’t throw the baby out with the bathwater – just get a funky new bathtub and buy the baby a snazzy new bath toy.

Dictation activities are excellent for a variety of reasons, including:

  • Focusing attention
  • Changing up pacing or atmosphere in the class
  • Bottom-up processing of listening skills
  • Pronunciation work
  • Large class friendliness
  • Mixed ability class friendliness

Tips to make dictations student-centred and engaging

green-arrow

Put more control in the hands of the students

Create student-to-student dictations to work on pronunciation practice and recognition skills.
When students compare their errors, were they due to a lack of accurate pronunciation or inaccurate listening?

Use a CD/tape recorder and put a student (or students) in control of the pace.

green-arrow2

Switch up what needs to be written down

  • Only one part of speech?
  • Only what they agree with?
  • Only what they think is interesting?

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Make it more communicative

Choose an interesting or puzzling text that will promote follow on discussion and pique students’ interest

Create a dynamic and energy-raising  running dictation.

And importantly, avoid the traps of…

…forgetting to provide feedback on their errors. No matter how fun or interesting a dictation is, if students don’t see the learning value, they will not feel the class has been worth their time or money.

…using a text that has many unknown vocabulary items. This leads to frustrated students and defeats the aims of the dictation in the first place.

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Take a 3-minute PD opportunity and read this great article outlining even more reasons to do dictations.

If you want some truly excellent creative and engaging dictation activities, check out these two books.

Dictation, by Mario Rinvolucri and Paul Davis

Grammar Dictation, by Ruth Wajnryb

Posted by Tania

Promoting Learner Autonomy

Wednesday, July 13th, 2011

Promoting Learner Autonomy

goldfish-out-of-bowlWe want our students to be proactive, take risks and take responsibility for their own learning because we know that’s how they will go on to be successful in their future studies. ..but they aren’t. Why not?

There are many reasons, but most of them seem to fall within these categories:

1) cultural and educational background
2) unrealistic goals
3) lack of awareness of critical thinking skills and autonomous learning strategies

Want to see how autonomous your learners are?

Here’s a little checklist adapted from EAP Essentials.

Do your students…:

  1. feel uncomfortable if they do not know some words in a text?
  2. show reluctance to make guesses?
  3. rarely seek out material or activity beyond the classroom?
  4. regard errors as failures?
  5. rarely self-correct?
  6. move from task to task without analyzing the task or their approach to it?
  7. get upset / show reluctance at trying new approaches to learning?

If you answered yes to these, chances are your learners are passive, risk-averse and/or unreflective – in other words, possessing low independence competencies.

But just what does it take to gain a high level of autonomy in both study skills and continued language acquisition?

There are lots of different theories and ideas on this, but the main thinking is that students need to be encouraged to become active, comfortable with risk and reflective.

As such, our role as the teacher needs to incorporate not only this recognition, but also active facilitation and effort to develop these attributes.

To check your own ‘autonomy pulse’, here’s a quick check list of practical classroom activity. See how many you incorporate into your daily teaching. You might be surprised by just how often you do encourage independence.

Ask yourself to what extent do you…

  • engage in reflective dialogues when students come to you with a problem?
  • share your privileged knowledge (e.g. assessment criteria) with your students?
  • use their expertise in the classroom?
  • actively encourage students to better understand their learning styles and strategies?
  • set tasks that require learners to work independently?
  • set tasks that demand your learners take risks?

However, like change, autonomy cannot come before awareness and as teachers, we must be aware that we can’t ‘demand’ autonomy, we can only encourage and facilitate it.

3-minute PD:
Read Susan Austin’s excellent article on Encouraging Learner Autonomy

Further Reading:
EAP Essentials, by Alexander et al. published by Garnet Education.

Posted by Tania

Good Groups = Good Learning

Thursday, February 24th, 2011

According to Barbara Gross Davis, author of  Tools for Teaching,

Students learn best when they are actively involved in the process.paper-dolls
Researchers report that, regardless of the subject matter, students working in small groups tend to learn more of what is taught and retain it longer than when the same content is presented in other instructional formats. Students who work in collaborative groups also appear more satisfied with their classes
.”

I think this makes a lot of sense, however, ensuring everyone is equally involved, engaged and operating with the same goals and beliefs about group work is a different kettle of fish. there are potentially a lot of underlying ideas as to what participation means, what interaction means and what goal achievement actually involves – and these underlying ideas can differ widely from person to person. Even more challenging is that many beliefs are unconscious, so the believers don’t even know themselves what it is that has made them behave in a particular way during a group task.

So, here’s some ideas to help the process and uncover those ideas of just what good group work involves.

  • Create agreed upon ‘rules’ for group work
  • Train your students to express reasoning and degrees of certainty
  • Raise awareness of underlying beliefs that drive behaviours and  patterns of listening and speaking
  • Warm students up to their task: engage, lead in, brainstorm and build students’ energy and enthusiasm for the group work
  • Have a clear goal and ensure all students understand the goal(s).Provide feedback specifically on group participation
  • Be aware of timing and pacing
  • Monitor to keep all groups on  track

These tips came from our teaching and training experiences as well as from an excellent article in Humanizing Language Teaching Magazine, by Jessica Watson – Talking Together: Working Towards Better Group Work

Free downloadable pdf discussion worksheet Talking points about group talk’ discussion worksheet.

Posted by Tania

Top 10 of 2010

Tuesday, December 7th, 2010

Top 10 of 2010

top-10-of-2010

Early December is not only a great time to look forward to goodies and overindulgence – it is also a great time to look back and reflect on the goodies that have already come our way this year.

We have looked at many new books this year and this is our pick of the heaving bookshelves for 2010. They can be grouped under different areas that help us all.

Some help us when teaching in specific contexts, some help improve our general teaching skills, one expands our role as a teacher and others give us great activity ideas for teaching language.

So, in no particular order, we give you our top 10 titles for 2010

Ta Da!

In the category of making us way more effective in general teaching skills, we have:

In the category of helping us expand our role as a teacher (and possibly being able to take new employment on board), we have:

In the category of providing great activity ideas for teaching language the winners are:

and finally….. in the category of sharpening our skills in teaching in specific contexts, we have:

We have reviewed most of these titles in our past newsletters and on our website and are confident enough to say that we did a damn fine job of extolling their virtues already.

So, to avoid unnecessary repetition, click on the title of any book you are interested in having a closer look at. You’ll get a detailed review AND the chance to look at sample units of most of them.

Happy browsing and, of course, a very happy holiday and festive new year!!

posted by Tania

You are…where you sit?

Tuesday, February 2nd, 2010

sitting-with-arms-crossed

According to a very interesting article in the new Achieve IELTS Grammar & Vocabulary book, where you sit on a bus suggests a lot about your personality. A recent study from Salford University found clear patterns indicating that who you are determines where you feel comfortable placing yourself in the space you are in. In this study’s case, it was which seat was chosen and in which area of a double-decker bus, that showed if you were independent- minded, rebellious or a strong communicator, for example.

I find this connection between personality and spatial orientation fascinating and this article has rekindled my passion for some related informal research I have been doing for the past 8 years.

Back in 2002, my teacher training colleagues and I began to notice a strange pattern emerging regarding the seating choices of our trainees. We noticed that time and time again, where our trainees chose to sit in our input room directly related to how well they were doing on the course. We even found that when people’s progress on the course rose or fell, they also switched seats in the class to fit the spatial pattern we now clearly recognized. Eventually, we rather dramatically labeled one chair, The Death Chair, because if anyone sat in it for more than a week, they were usually a fail candidate.

Up to this point, our research wasn’t directly linked to any specific personality trait, it was merely a weird thermometer indicating progress.

However, some odd anomalies began to show up, which made me think this ‘chair choice = progress notification’ phenomenon had more to do with personality than I had previously thought.

Every once in a while I would be shocked to find that strong candidates sat in the ‘fail zone’ chair too. Initially I thought that made sense, after all, our observations couldn’t be perfect; it would be too weird indeed if every single struggler on every single course sat in the same chair.

Then I began to notice something interesting about this particular type of strong candidate. Although these people began the course as potential ‘A’ candidates, they, in fact, did not achieve much progress during the course. In other words, they came in with strong classroom management skills, but did not take on much of the methodology, depth of language analysis or insight into materials analysis. They paid us lip service, and could lead a class well, but essentially they were resistant and unwilling to take any feedback on board.

Since reading the article about personality and bus-seat choices, I believe even more strongly that my colleagues and I are on to something.

I am not in any way condoning the pigeon-holing of people; this is not about ‘labelling’ someone, but rather better understanding what issues are blocking their progress on the course. For example, if someone is unwilling to accept feedback, hours of repetition of concepts in different formats won’t help, but acknowledging the resistance will.  In my opinion, the more insight into how people are really feeling about their course, the easier it is to adapt your approach and feedback style for that person.

And now I don’t need to spend hours wondering why strong candidates aren’t progressing on the course.

All I have to do is pay attention to where they sit.

  • If you want to know which bus-seat choices reflect which characteristics,  buy the book :-)
  • If you want to know where the ‘death chair’ is, contact me.
  • If you want to do your own research in your teacher training institute, please contact me!

tania@englishcentral.net

posted by Tania

In Defense of the Coursebook

Friday, November 27th, 2009

defense

In our upcoming December eNewsletter, we list Teaching Unplugged as one of our Top 10 favourite books in 2009. And although I think this book’s ideas have a definite place in our industry, I simply must express one of my biggest irritations about this approach.

I am reacting, not so much against the idea of ‘Dogme’ or the importance of student-centred teaching, but in looking at an unwarranted casualty in the embrace of this approach. My annoyance lies in the poor treatment of something I have long considered a friend and guide in my teaching career – the coursebook.

Some of the opinions backing the ‘Dogme’ approach, have slighted and criticized the role and importance of the course book – and I believe unfairly so. Dogme supporters advocate ‘teaching light’, and where almost all content is student-generated. OK – that sounds good to me too, but I have a few misgivings about this.

When I think back to my first few years of teaching, the coursebooks and teacher development and activity resources were the best way I could fill all those mental folders I now have of ideas, techniques and information that enabled me to gain the confidence and knowledge I needed to be an effective teacher. Having an initial structure gave me the confidence to experiment and some of those coursebook writers had some fab ideas.

So here’s my list to support coursebooks:

· It has always been easier to adapt materials that already exist than to create from thin air, so a huge bonus for me is that coursebooks save me time

· Coursebooks give students a clear record of what they have worked on – without the mishmash of dog-eared photocopies

· They give newer teachers confidence, structure and much needed guidance

· Good coursebooks incorporate current best practices and new ideas emerging from second language acquisition research – in fact, they are often the way teachers are forced out of old habits and into new ways of teaching

· Students value them – they provide an organized record of what was covered, allow recycling and revision of language and give students a sense of achievement and progress – all things often connected to meeting expectations and motivation levels

A colleague of mine once said, “The coursebook is a fantastic tool and a terrible master” and I couldn’t agree more. I don’t know any coursebook writer that would argue their book was to be used slavishly - where teachers go through activity and exercise after exercise without considering how it would be adapted, lifted off the page and made more relevant to one’s students.

Blaming the course book is like blaming a whiteboard for restricting information to a 2-dimensional plane. We have tools at our disposal (and frankly, if we are lucky!) and how we choose to use them is what teaching is. The real crux of the matter is being able to identify the underlying aims of the different activities in the book and then deciding if you can keep what is there or if you need to adapt, replace or supplement.

I want to spend the bulk  of my prep time figuring out best techniques for set up, student engagement, feedback, lesson structure and clarification of language, not in trying to reinvent the wheel.

Posted by Tania

Congratulations to Duncan Foord: The Developing Teacher wins prize

Friday, October 30th, 2009

dt3x

We would like to congratulate Duncan Foord as he has just been awarded the 2009 Duke of Edinburgh/ESU Award for Best Entry for Teachers. The entry was his recently published book, The Developing Teacher (Delta Publishing). This is a great resource book to help teachers with ongoing, self-directed professional development. We had the pleasure to interview Duncan at the IATEFL conference in Cardiff and you can watch that video above.

We would also like to congratulate Nick Boisseau, publisher at Delta Publishing. Nick has repeatedly taken the risk of publishing creative and innovative resources that don’t necessarily promise great commercial reward. Nick is a great asset to our industry and we are proud to distribute his titles.

Posted by Nicole

Google Images – the most complete picture dictionary ever?

Wednesday, October 21st, 2009

fruit_salad2

On Tuedsay, Jamie Keddie did a webinar with us on his new book, Images (Oxford University Press). It was really great. I had the pleasure of sitting back, listening to him and experiencing some personal mental shifts.

One thing that Jamie mentioned is that Google Images is the most complete picture dictionary ever. Is it true? I had never thought about it, but now that I do, it is obviously and undeniably true. Consequently, as an ELT/ESL/EFL bookseller, I have since been mulling over what the point of printed picture dictionaries is.

In the webinar and in his book, Keddie points out that Google Images does have a number of exciting possibilities in language teaching. First of all, picture dictionaries tend to picture the things that are common in the western world. There are a number of fruits that grow on the island of Bali that you will not find in any mainstream ESL picture dictionaries, for example. To have students search Google Images to find items from their countries that are not pictured and then share them with the class is inherently interesting and personally relevant. Furthermore, if you are fortunate enough to have a computer or, even better, an interactive whiteboard, it can always be used to call up images of things that students don’t know. That would be an instance of Google images being more effective and efficient than a picture dictionary.

Though Google Images definitely contains way more images than a picture dictionary, I do not think it means that it is a replacement for picture dictionaries. The main advantage that a picture dictionary has is that it is thematic and has pre-assembled lexical sets. For self-study or for classroom use, it is much more efficient to use a picture dictionary. Furthermore, the Heinle Picture Dictionary has the great advantage of listing collocations. While learning the names of different vegetables, for example, the verbs associated with them are listed (cut, chop, etc). It, along with most other picture dictionaries, will list some mini-dialogues that may also be of some value. Of course, there is also the point that in most classrooms, a set of picture dictionaries is affordable while even one computer with internet access may not be.

If you do have internet access in the classroom, I think you will find a lot of ideas in Images that will improve your lessons (and nicely complement any work done with picture dictionaries). If you don’t have a computer in the classroom, any internet-based image searches could be assigned as homework.

And of course, there are even more activities in the book that are simply ideas for effectively using images to enhance your teaching that don’t require computers or the internet at all. I have always been a fan of teacher resource books; listening to Jamie’s webinar and looking through his book have reminded me of why these teacher resource books are so great: they open your eyes to new ways of doing things, make you reevaluate the effectiveness of some of the things you already do and get you excited about teaching again. What more could you want?

Posted by Nicole

42: Life, the Universe & Everything ESL

Thursday, August 20th, 2009

As I was browsing through my many Facebook ESL-related groups, I came across a perplexing question regarding question formation and found myself (and my colleagues) a bit stumped on what the direct answer would be.  Let’s see if anyone out there has a better answer than mine?

Mr. Clinton was 42nd President of U.S.
If “42nd” is the question subject how would you make this sentence into a question form?

The obvious question would end up being too ambiguous: “Which president was Mr. Clinton?”.  This could result in a variety of answers, like “the best” or “the one before George Bush” or “the one who was almost impeached for his behaviour”. So, most likely the best would be to qualify the question with a preface, like “If George Washington was the 1st president of the US, what was Bill Clinton?”. There isn’t any common noun for that particular expression and the obscure “ordinal rank of president” would itself be unfamiliar to most speakers answering the question.

What do you think?

Posted by Tyson